{"id":105807,"date":"2026-01-15T06:08:44","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T06:08:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alsafernews.com\/ar\/?p=105807"},"modified":"2026-01-15T06:08:46","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T06:08:46","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8-%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alsafernews.com\/ar\/?p=105807","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 : \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628\u2026\u061f!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644: \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: (1944- 1945- 1947 &#8211; 1950 &#8211; 1951 &#8211; 1956 &#8211; 1958 &#8211; 1959 &#8211; 1963).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1973) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1976)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1985) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1989).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2009) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2011).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a (1953 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 1954).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a (2016 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 2018).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0628\u062c\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1955).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0628\u062c\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a (28- 1- 1962)\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0650 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0640\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a (2- 12- 1962)\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u064e \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (13- 2- 1965).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u064e \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a (2- 8- 1967).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0650 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0640\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (26- 5- 1973).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (\u0639\u0627\u0645 1955)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1959)\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1960).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2003)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a (2013 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 2015).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1956 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1957).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2000)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2002).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1969)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1970)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1971)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1972 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 (1997- 1998).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 (1996- 1998- 1999).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1999).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1976 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1980 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1989 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a (2005)\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2009).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0641.<br>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a (1979 \u0648 1980).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1984 \u2013 1985).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1993 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1995)\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1997 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a (2- 8 \u2013 1967).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (27- 6- 1970).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a (24- 6- 1995).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a (1998 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a (2012) \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645) \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a (11- 10- 1950).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a (30 -9 \u2013 1952).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1954).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1957).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1959).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0634\u0647\u0631 (11- 1961) \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0629: \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1999 &#8211; 2000)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (26- 9- 2023)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 &#8211; \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632: \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2003 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0641\u064a (22 -10- 1957).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a (18 &#8211; 5 &#8211; 1958).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a (6 &#8211; 5 &#8211; 1959).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (29 &#8211; 8 &#8211; 1960).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a (27 &#8211; 3 &#8211; 1963).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a (21 &#8211; 4 &#8211; 1963).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a (23 &#8211; 4 &#8211; 1967).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (7 &#8211; 10 &#8211; 1967).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a (24 &#8211; 3 &#8211; 1969).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064d \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a (30 -6 &#8211; 1969).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a (27 &#8211; 6 &#8211; 1970).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2020 &#8211; 2024)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1984)\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1988).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 (\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c (\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u064a (1953)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 (\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647)\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2016 &#8211; 2018).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0628\u062c\u0648\u0642\u0629: \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1955)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a: \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1956).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1979 &#8211; 1980).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2003 &#8211; 2005).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (1999 &#8211; 2000).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2020) \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 (2024).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 (\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062b\u0631\u0627\u0647) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 (1976 &#8211; 1979) \u0648 (1980 &#8211; 1984) \u0648 (1989 &#8211; 1991)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2005).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: (1957 \u0648 1958 \u0648 1959 \u0648 1960 \u0648 1963 \u0648 1967 \u0648 1969 \u0648 1970).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644: \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628\u060c 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