{"id":106223,"date":"2026-01-22T17:46:04","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T17:46:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alsafernews.com\/ar\/?p=106223"},"modified":"2026-01-22T17:46:07","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T17:46:07","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%88%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alsafernews.com\/ar\/?p=106223","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628: \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 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(\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644 (1919 &#8211; 1971).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1948)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (24 &#8211; 3- 1969)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629.<br>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631) \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 (1934 &#8211; 2002)\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c (1976 &#8211; 1988) \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1989 &#8211; 1989).<br>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1991 &#8211; 1993).<br>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 (1995 &#8211; 1996).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1987)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0628 (\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631) \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1996)\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2002) \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u064a\u062a (1947 &#8211; 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1964)\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (2005 &#8211; 2007)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2011 &#8211; 2011).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a (1925 &#8211; 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1993 &#8211; 1995)\u060c \u0648 (1997 &#8211; 1998).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a (1938 &#8211; 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1976 &#8211; 1982)\u060c \u0648\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (1984 &#8211; 1985).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 (1934 &#8211; 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 (1976 &#8211; 1979)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1980 &#8211; 1984)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1989 &#8211; 1991).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2011) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a (1933- 2003).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1964 &#8211; 1968) \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br>(1968- 1969) \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<br>(1969 &#8211; 1970) \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br>(1973 &#8211; 1974) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 (1918 &#8211; 1986).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1957)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1966) \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (2 &#8211; 8 &#8211; 1967 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 7 &#8211; 10 &#8211; 1967).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a (1934 &#8211; 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u061b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1979)\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1981)\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1985 &#8211; 1989).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (1996 &#8211; 1997).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 (1931 &#8211; 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 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\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (21 &#8211; 11 &#8211; 1991)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (29 &#8211; 5 &#8211; 1993).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (8 &#8211; 6 &#8211; 1994)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (7 &#8211; 1 &#8211; 1995).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a (8 &#8211; 1 &#8211; 1995)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (4 &#8211; 2 &#8211; 1996).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (4 2 1996 \u062d\u062a\u0649 19 &#8211; 3 &#8211; 1997).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a 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