{"id":87404,"date":"2025-05-02T08:34:57","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T08:34:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alsafernews.com\/ar\/?p=87404"},"modified":"2025-05-02T08:35:00","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T08:35:00","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alsafernews.com\/ar\/?p=87404","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 : \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u061b \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1928) \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 (1946)\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a: \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 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\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a.<br>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629.<br>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 &#8211; \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a &#8211; \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1921 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a: (1921).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646: (1921).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u064a: (1922 &#8211; 1924).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646: (1924 &#8211; 1925).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u064a: (1925 &#8211; 1927).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f (\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a: (1927 &#8211; 1933).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629): (1933).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0633\u0646: (1933 &#8211; 1934).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629): (1934).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631: (1934 &#8211; 1938).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u064a: (1938 &#8211; 1942).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0631: (1942 &#8211; 1944).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0641: (1944 &#8211; 1947).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a: (1947).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629: (1947 &#8211; 1948).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631: (1948).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629: (1948 &#8211; 1950).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c: (1950 &#8211; 1951).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627) \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a: (1951).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629: (1951 &#8211; 1954).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a: (1954 &#8211; 1960).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629: (1960 &#8211; 1961).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631: (1961 &#8211; 1963).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a: (1963 &#8211; 1964).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631: (1964 &#8211; 1967).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a (\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644: (1967).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631: (1967 &#8211; 1969).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a: (1969).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a: (1969 &#8211; 1970).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629: (1970 &#8211; 1971).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646: (1970 &#8211; 1972).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629: (1973).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a: (1973 &#8211; 1974).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646: (1974 &#8211; 1976).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0641: (1976 &#8211; 1979).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a: (1979 &#8211; 1984).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645: (1984 &#8211; 1988).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631: (1988 &#8211; 1989).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0630\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a: (1989).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646: (1989).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631: (1989 &#8211; 1991).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629: (1991 &#8211; 1992).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a: (1992 &#8211; 1993).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631: (1993 &#8211; 1995).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645: (1995 &#8211; 1996).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629: (1996 &#8211; 1998).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629: (1998).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a: (1998 &#8211; 1999).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a: (1999 &#8211; 2000).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629: (2000 &#8211; 2003).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d: (2003).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632: (2005).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643: (2005 &#8211; 2007).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: (2007 &#8211; 2008).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a: (2008 &#8211; 2011).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a: (2011).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a: (2011 &#8211; 2013).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629: (2013 &#8211; 2018).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a: (2018 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u2026)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1954 &#8211; 1960)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1963 &#8211; 1964)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1969- 1969)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1973 &#8211; 1974).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u064a (1880- 1951)\u060c \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1947- 1948)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1948- 1950)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1951- 1954)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 (1923- 1924- 1925)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1998)\u060c \u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 (2000- 2003)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 (2013- 2018)\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1992- 1993)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2011).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f (\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a: (1927 &#8211; 1933)\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a: (1979 &#8211; 1984) \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645: (1984 &#8211; 1988 \u0648 1995 &#8211; 1996) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0641: (1944 &#8211; 1947)\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a: (2008 &#8211; 2011)\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a &#8211; \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: (1961- 1963)\u060c (1964 &#8211; 1967 &#8211; 1969).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631) \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: (1988 &#8211; 1989 &#8211; 1991)\u060c (1993 &#8211; 1995).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2018) \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u2026 (2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a. \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644: \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1921)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u061b \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a 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